Steam-generator



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

E.A.MAGEE( STEAM GENERATOR.

Nb.479,009. Patented July 19,1892.

jufiwnl I of 1/09 k THE NORRlS ravens co., wm'wm'uo. msumcmn, n. c.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

' E A MAGEE STEAM GENERATOR.

Patented July 19, 1892.

JIM/enter.-

UNITED STATES PATENT QFFIQE.

EDWVARD A. MAGEE, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

STEAM-G EN ERATO R.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 479,009, dated July 19,1892.

Application filed August 15, 1891. $erial No. 402,766. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Beit known that I, EDWARD A. MAGEE,acitizen of the United States,residing in Brooklyn, in the county of Kings, in the State of New York,have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Steam-Generators,of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to steam-generators, and has for its object toprovide a device of the class adapted for all sizes, situations, andpurposes, carrying any pressure desired, which shall possess superioradvantages in point of simplicity, durability, and general efficiency,and shall give great coolness in the vicinity of the exterior.

With these ends in view my invention consists in the improvedconstruction, arrangement, and combination of parts, which will behereinafter more fully described, and particularly pointed out in theclaims.

My invention consists, generally speaking, of a series of compartmentsarranged to form one of the walls of a furnace, said compartments beingconnected in pairs by means of tubes or nests of tubes that extend intothe furnace above the grate of the same, said tubes serving to maintainthe circulation of water between the several compartments. I provide asteam and water drum or receptacle, the water-space of which isconnected with the water-space of the water -leg, while the steam-spaceis connected in a suitable manner with the steam-spaces of the severalcompartments thereof. The descending water-pipe is provided with aninlet and with a branch suitably valved and provided with a pump, bymeans of which a water-supply may be forced in when desired. The furnaceis provided with suitable doors by means of which access may be had tothe generating and circulating pipes, as well as to the firebox and theash-pit. I provide the furnace with a water casing or jacket, and, ifdesired, with an intermediate non-conducting packing of asbestus orother suitable material between said water-jacket and furnace-casing,such water-jacket being, if desired, set slightly off from thefurnace-casing, so-as to leave more or less of a dead-air space. Outsidethe water-jacket I place an additional shell or casing, between whichand the water-jacket is an air duct or passage, through which air may becarried down and warmed to be supplied-for the purpose of supportingcombustion. The interval between this shell and the water-jacket shouldbe properly stayed and the exterior of the outer shell may be coveredwith asbestus cloth, felt, or other suitable non-conducting material toprevent the escape of heat by radiation. The upper end of thewater-jacket is connected with the condenser, and it serves as adistilling-retort operated by the beat escaping from the furnace, whichwould otherwise be wasted or Worse than wasted in heating thesurrounding objects.

My invention further consists in certain modifications all of the samegeneral principles herein described and consisting merely in thedetailed construction of the generator.

The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification andrepresent what I consider the best means of carrying out the invention.V

Figure l is a front elevation, partly in section, of my improvedgenerator. Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the same.Fig. 3 is a front view of the furnace, partly in vertical section. Fig.4 is a vertical sectional view on a larger scale, showing a portion ofthe steam-generator. Fig. 5 is an elevation, and Fig. 6 a horizontalsection, showing the means used for protecting the front Wall of thegenerator from the heat of the furnace. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 are frontviews illustrating various modifications of my invention. Figs.10,11,and 12 are side views of the said modifications.

Like numerals of reference indicate like parts in all the figures wherethey appear.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, and 3,1 designates an extended rectangular bodyor water-leg. The front plate 2 forms the back face of the furnace. Thefront plate 2 and rear plate 3 are connected by means of stay-bolts 4.The rear plate 8 is provided with hand-holes 6, surrounded by flanges 7.'These flanges are re inforced by means of strips 8, which may bewelded, riveted, or otherwise suitably secured to the flanges 7. This isfor the purpose of providing surfaces of increased width to form seatsfor the gaskets to be placed between these flanges and the hand holecovers. Stay-bolts 4, by which the front and rear plates of the casingare connected, may be threaded into both of said plates. Bolts 1.0 arelikewise threaded into the front plate 2 for the purpose of furtherstaying it and strongly retaining in position the hand hole covers 11.The water-leg 1 is subdivided by means of a series of partitions 12 intoany desired number of horizontal compartments 13.

14 represents the steam and water drum, which is arranged above thegenerator. The water-space of said drum is connected by means of adescending pipe 15 with the lowermost compartmentlS of the water-leg.The

pipe 15 is provided at or near its upper end with an inlet-pipe 10,through which water properly forced by a feed-pump (not shown) may besupplied to the generator. The pipe 15 is also provided with a branchpipe 17, which is suitably valved and connected with a pump 17, by meansof which the passage of waten downward from the water-space of the drum14 may be forced when desired in order to increase the circulation.

The lowermostcompartment 13 of the water-leg isconnected with the onenext above by meansof aseriesof bent pipes or tubes or nests of bentpipes or tubes 18, which'are extended into the furnace above the grate19. The second compartment 13 is similarly connected by pipes or tubes18 with the third compartment, which latter is in like manner connectedwiththe fourth compartment, and so on, according to the number ofcompartments into which the water-leg is divided. The top ofeachcompartment except the bottom one is connected by means of ascendingsteam-pipes 20 with the steam-space of the drum 14, the bottomcompartment being connected, as above described, with thewaterspaceofsaid drum. The pipes 18, as will be observed, are locateddirectly in the fire-box of the furnace, and it will be observed thatcollectively they have a verylarge surface exposed to the heat of thefire andof the escaping gases.

The front plate of the furnace has a door 21, through which access maybe had to the pipes 18 in the interior of the furnace. It is alsoprovided with the usual fire-door 22 and ash-pit 23.

In order to protect the front plate of the water-leg from the effects ofexcessive heat, I provide it with the device which has been illustratedin Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings. This protecting device consists of aseries of pins 24, which have been suitably inserted into said frontplate, around the holes into which the pipes 18 are to be expanded.Around these pins I form a webbing or network 25 of wire,.and the pinsand net-work together form a means for retaining a layer 26 of fire-clayor similar refractory material, which will soon set and harden and whichwill bebaked by the action of the fire in the furnace. It is obviousthat this protecting device is applied before the pipes 18 are expandedor otherwise secured in the holes or ment.

openings which have been provided for their reception.

In lieu of the device illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 and above described,an ordinary wirenetting might be used; but it is obvious that suchnetting would have to be punched with holes registering with thoseprovided for the reception of the pipes 18.

I11 the operation of this form of my invention the water passes from thewater-space of the drum 1a to the lowermost compartment of thewater-leg, and thence through the pipes 18 to the compartment nextabove, a partial conversion of the water into steam taking place in thepassage of the water through the said pipes 18. All or nearly all of thesteam will pass from the second compartment through the pipe 20 to thesteam-spaceof the drum 14, and the water will pass throughthe seeondsetof pipes 18 into the third compart- The steam which has been generatedduring the passage of the water through the second setof pipes 18 willpass from the top of the third compartment through the pipe 20 to thesteam-space of the drum 14. The water will now pass through the thirdset of pipes into the fourth compartment, which in the accompanyingdrawings has been shown as the top one, and from which the steamand anywater that may remain passes upward into the drum 14 through the thirdpipe 20, which is to be made of sufficiently large diameter to enableboth steam and water to pass through. The steam-space of the drum 14 isof course to be connected with the engine in the usual manner, and asufficient supply of water to compensate for the steam expended isintroduced through the pipe 16. The delivery end of this tube isdirected downward to impel the circulation by the force of the jet offeed-water received.

Adjacent to the furnace-casing is placed a wateujacket or receptacle 27,between which and the furnace-casing a non-conducting packing ofasbestus or other suitable mate.

rial may be placed, if desired. Such packing, however, has not beenshown in the drawings. In any case, owing to the importance of insuringperfect separation between the surfaces of the water-jacket and thefurnacecasin g, an intermediate dead-air space of limited extent willremain, which will practically answer the same purpose as such packing.The lower end of the water-jacket is to be suitably connected with asource of watersupply. I propose at sea to receive the water of theoceanin this jacket controlled by a valve, as required, and to blow offwhen sutliciently concentrated. Its upper end is connected by the pipe27 with the condenser.

(Not shown.)

Outside and adjacent to the waterjacket-I place a shell or outer casing29, closedtightly at its upper and lower ends. Between tlris shell andthe water-jacket there is an intermediate space, as 30. The shell 29 isprovided near its upper end with an opening 31,

which is to be connected with the blower (not shown) by which air isforced downward through the space 30, from whence it passes under thewater-jacket and upward through the grate of the furnace, thus supplyingoxygen for the purpose of supporting combustion.

The walls of the water-jacket are to be stayed and braced or heldproperly apart by means of stays 31. A few stays, as 31 are extended, asshown, and serve to hold the water-jacket at just the proper distancefrom the non-conducting clothing, which forms the outer surface of thefurnace, as well as from the surrounding shell 29. The latter may, whendesired, be covered with non-conducting material of any suitablecharacter, such as asbestus cloth, felt, or the like.

The device thus constructed, in addition to utilizing the radiant heatfor the purpose of heating the water for distilling and other purposes,has the advantage of avoiding uncomfortable heat in the vicinity of thefurnace. This last I consider especially important when the device isemployed in confined spaces, as on board vessels and the like, which arefrequently rendered uncomfortable by the heat radiating from thefurnace.

I shall now proceed to briefly describe the several modifications of myinvention.

In the form illustrated in Figs. 7 and 10 of the drawings the water-legor casing (here designated by 33) is provided with compartments arrangedin pairs, the lower one of each pair being designated by 34 and theupper one by 35. The casing is provided at its ends with passages 36 and37, the former of which is connected with the water-space and the latterwith the steam-space of the steam and water drum. The lower compartmentof each pair communicates with the passage 36, and the upper compartmentof each pair in like manner communicates with the passage 37. Thecompartments of each pair are connected by the nests of tubes 39, whichextend into the furnace, of which the water-leg forms the back wall. Itwill be seen that the operation of this device is practically the sameas that of the preferred form of my invention above described, the waterpassing from the water-space of the drum to the compartments 34, thencethrough the generating-pipes 39 into the compartments 35, thence to thepassage 37, and from the latter to the steam-space of the drum. The mainobject of my invention, which is to cause the constant circular tion ofwater through the generating-pipes, is thus attained.

In the formillustratedin Figs. 8 and 11 two vertical pipes or water-legs40 and 41 are connected, respectively, with the waterspace and thesteam-space of the drum. The pipe 40 is provided withlaterally-extending chambers 43, between which chambers 44 extendlaterally from the pipe 41. The chambers 43 and 44 are connected inpairs bythe pipes 45, which extend into the furnace. Here again theoperation is the same as above described, the water passing from thedrum through the pipe '40 into the chambers 43, thence through thegenerating-pipes 45 to the chambers 44, from whence the steam thusgenerated is conveyed to the steam-space ot' the drum.

The third modification of my invention (illustrated in Figs. 9 and 12)presents appar ently a different structure; but, as will be found, theoperation is precisely the same. In this case the water-leg or casing,which is designated by 46, is divided by vertical partitions 47 into aseries of compartments 48. The compartment 48 at one end of .the casingis connected by a descending pipe 49 with the water-space of the drum52. Each of the other compartments is connected by means of'a pipe 50with the steam-space of said drum. The several compartments areconnected in pairs by means of the generating-pipes 58, which extendforwardly into the furnace. In this case, however, the saidgenerating-pipes are preferably arranged in an inclined-posi-' tion, aswill be seen in Fig. 9, in order to facilitate the passage of water andsteam. The water passes from the drum 52 to the compartment 48 at oneend of the casing, thence through the generating-pipes 58 to the nextcompartment, and so on through the several compartments to thecompartment at the 0pposite end of the casing. The pipes 50 convey thesteam from the intermediate compartments to the steam-space of' thedrum, and the pipe 50, leading from the last compartment 48, conveys thesteam and water to the steam-space of the drum 52.

Those familiar with the art to which my invention pertains will readilyappreciate the advantages derived from the same. In each of the forms'ofmy invention a constant circulation of the water is kept up, and thegenerating-pipes through which the water passes for the purpose of beingconverted into steam have collectively a surface of an extent which isnot usually found in steam-generators. The consequence is that steam isgenerated'very rapidly, while at the same time the space occupied by theentire apparatus is not necessarily very large.

The water-jacket, which is placed adjacent to the furnace, enables theradiant heat to be utilized for the purpose of raising the temperatureof the water for distilling, while the surrounding shell forms anair-duct in the passage through which air will be warmed prior toentering the furnace forthe purpose of supporting combustion. Thesedevices, in addition to the utilization of radiating heat, have theimportant advantage of preventing discomfort resulting from radiantheat. The bent form of the pipes 18 allows the whole to be exposed tothe hot products of combustion, while returning the water into thechamber or compartment 13, contiguous to the one from which it hasflowed.

I desire it to be understood that while I have shown several forms towhich my in- IIO vention may be reduced I donot limit myself to thesame, inasmuch as various other modifications might be made withoutdepart ing from the principle or sacrificing the advantages of myinvention.

Parts of this invention may be used without the whole. Thus the stays 31and 31 may be omitted or modified, and the waterjacket or outer shell29, or both, may be omitted and the heat allowed to radiate freely fromthe furnace-casing.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a steamgenerating apparatus, thecombination with a furnace, of steam-generating pipes, compartments orchambers connected by said pipes, pipes to carry off the steam to beused independently from the several compartments or chambers, and means,as a separating-drum and a pipe leading from the water-space thereof,for separating the water and returning it to the boiler, allsubstantially as herein specified.

2. A steam-generator having a series of compartments connected by bentpipes extending into the furnace, the ends of the series beingconnected, respectively, with the water-space and the steam-space of aseparating drum or receiver, substantially as set forth.

3. A steam-generator comprisinga furnace, a water-leg or column forminga wall of the same and having a series of compartments, steam-generatingtubes connectingsaid compartments in pairs and extending into thefurnace, and a drum having its steam and water spaces independentlyconnected with separate compartments of the generator, substantially asset forth.

4. The combination of a steam-generator havinga series of compartments,steam-generating tubes connecting said compartments in pairs andextending into the furnace, connection between one compartment and thewaterspace of the receiving-drum, and a connection between a highercompartment and the steam-space of said drum, substantially as setforth.

5. The combination of a water leg or column having "separatecompartments, a furnace, return-pipes connecting the compartments inpairs and extending forward into the furnace, a steam and water drum andconnection between the water-space of the latter and one compartment ofthe generator, an inlet-pipe for feed-water near the upper end of suchconnection, and connections between the steam-space of the drum and theremaining compartments of the generator, substantially as set forth.

6. In a steam-generator, the combination of a furnace, a water-legforming the back wall of the same and having a series of compartments,circulating or generating pipes connecting such compartments in pairs,netting or holding material attached to the front wall of the water-legaround and between such generating-pipes, and a covering of refractorymaterial attached to such netting or holding device, substantially asset forth.

7. In a device of the class described, the combination, with thefurnace, of a boiler having water-tubes or other efficientsteam-generating surfaces, a non-conducting wall exterior thereto, and asurrounding water reservoir or receptacle exterior to the whole, thelower and upper ends of which are connected, respectively, with a sourceof supply and with a condenser, substantially as and for the purpose setforth.

8. In a device of the class described, the combination, with the boilerproper, of a Water jacket or receptacle, the lower and upper ends ofwhich are adapted to be connected, respectively, with a source of supplyand with a condenser, and an outer shell orcasing placed adjacent tosaid outer jacket or receptacle, arranged to allow the partial vacuum ordraft of the furnace to draw the air downwardly through the spacebetween said outer casing and the water jacket or receptacle for thepurpose of supplying hot air to support combustion, substantially as setforth.

9. The combination of a furnace, a waterjacket, an exterior shell orcasing placed adjacent to said water-jacket and forming an air duct orpassage, the water-leg having suitable compartments, the circulating andgenerating pipes connecting said compartments in pairs, the steam andwater drum, the pipe connecting the water-space of the latter with thelowermost compartment of the water-leg and having a supply-pipe near itsupper end, and connections between the remaining com partments and thesteam-space of the drum, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the invention above set forth I affix mysignature in presence of two witnesses.

EDWVARD A. MAGEE.

Witnesses:

M. F. BOYLE, H. A. JoHNs'roNE.

